Related Texts
Blessing (Jewish)
Upon seeing fruit trees in bloom in the spring (only recited once a year):
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of the universe, for nothing is lacking in His universe, and He created in it good creatures and good trees, to bring humanity pleasure with them.
Upon wearing a new garment of substantial value to the wearer:
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of the universe, who clothes the naked.
Upon receiving especially bad news:
Blessed are You, Adonai our God, Sovereign of the universe, the true judge.
Blessing (Christian)
Praised be You my Lord through our Sister, Mother Earth who sustains and governs us, producing varied fruits with colored flowers and herbs. Praise be You my Lord through those who grant pardon for love of You and bear sickness and trial.
— Canticle of Brother Sun and Sister Moon, Francis of Assisi (1181-1226)
O God,
Make the door of this house wide enough to receive all who need human love and fellowship, narrow enough to shut out all envy, pride and strife. Make its threshold smooth enough to be no stumbling block to children, nor to straying feet, but rugged and strong enough to turn back the tempter’s power. God, make the door of this house the gateway to your eternal kingdom.
— Catholic Household Blessings and Prayers
Blessing (Muslim)
Upon witnessing the first fruit of the season:
O God! Bless us in abundance in our fruits, bless us in our towns, and bless us in our measures and weights.
Upon wearing a new garment:
All praise and blessing are to God who clothed me with which I cover my shame and through which I adorn myself in my life.
Upon facing major calamity, loss of life or suffering:
“Surely, we come from God and to Him we return. O God! From You alone I seek to be compensated for this affliction. Please compensate me and bless me with something better in return”.
— Allamah Muhammad Al-Jaziri, Al Hisnul Haseen, A Comprehensive Collection of Muslims Supplications, translated by Muhammad Rafeeq ibne Maulan Ahmad Hathurani, Delhi: Millat Book Center, 1999.
Choosing One People (Jewish)
It is not because you are the most numerous of peoples that the Lord set His heart on you and chose you—indeed you are the smallest of peoples, but it was because the Lord loved you and kept the oath He made to your fathers that the Lord took you out with a mighty hand and rescued you from the house of bondage, from the power of Pharaoh the king of Egypt.
— Deuteronomy 7:7-8
But You, God, Your goodness and mercy are upon us, and Your right hand is stretched forth to all who come into the world.
— Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, 3rd century midrash*
Every people can be chosen for a history, for a share in the history of humanity. Each is a question which God has asked, and each people must answer. But more history has been assigned to this people than to any other people.
— Leo Baeck (1873-1956)*
No nation is chosen, or elected or superior to any other, but every nation should discover its vocation or calling, as a source of religious experience, and as a medium of salvation to those who share in its life.
— Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1983)*
Choosing One People (Christian)
But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God’s own people, in order that you may proclaim the mighty acts of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.
— The First Letter of Peter 2:9
Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of services, but the same Lord; and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who activates all of them in everyone. To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good. To one is given through the Spirit the utterance of wisdom, and to another the utterance of knowledge according to the same Spirit, to another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit, to another the working of miracles, to another prophecy, to another the discernment of spirits, to another various kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues. All these are activated by one and the same Spirit, who allots to each one individually just as the Spirit chooses. For just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with Christ.
— Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians
“I am the true vine, and my Father is the vine-grower. He removes every branch in me that bears no fruit. Every branch that bears fruit he prunes to make it bear more fruit. You have already been cleansed by the word that I have spoken to you. Abide in me as I abide in you. Just as the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you unless you abide in me. I am the vine, you are the branches.”
— The Gospel of John 15: 1-4
Choosing One People (Muslim)
And unto thee [O Prophet] have We vouchsafed this divine writ, setting forth the truth, confirming the truth of whatever there still remains of earlier revelations and determining what is true therein. Judge, then, between the followers of earlier revelation in accordance with what God has bestowed from on high, and do not follow their errant views, forsaking the truth that has come unto thee. Unto every one of you have We appointed a [different] law and way of life. And if God had so willed, He could surely have made you all one single community: but [He willed it otherwise] in order to test you by means of what He has vouchsafed unto, you. Vie, then, with one another in doing good works! Unto God you all must return; and then He will make you truly understand all that on which you were wont to differ.
— Qur’an 5:48
O CHILDREN of Israel! Remember those blessings of Mine with which I graced you, and fulfill your promise unto Me, [whereupon] I shall fulfill My promise unto you; and of Me, of Me stand in awe!
— Qur’an 2:40
YOU ARE indeed the best community that has ever been brought forth for [the good of] mankind: you enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the doing of what is wrong, and you believe in God. Now if the followers of earlier revelation had attained to [this kind of] faith, it would have been for their own good; [but only few] among them are believers, while most of them are iniquitous.
— Qur’an 3:110
Washing (Jewish)
Whoever makes light of washing the hands [before and after a meal] will be uprooted from the world… You must wash your hands and feet daily to honor your Creator.
— Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 4b and Shabbat 50b, 6th century
Abraham said, “My lords . . . let a little water be brought, bathe your feet and recline under the tree. And let me fetch a morsel of bread that you may refresh yourselves . . .
— Genesis 18:4-5, the Bible’s first reference to washing
[When the priests] approach the altar to serve, to turn into smoke an offering by fire to the Lord, they shall wash their hands and their feet, that they may not die.
— Exodus 30:20-2
Your hands are stained with crime. Wash yourselves clean. Put your evil doings away from My sight. Cease to do evil . . .
— Isaiah 15-16
Washing (Christian)
You will sprinkle me, Lord, with hyssop,
and I will be made clean.
You will wash me,
and I will become whiter than snow.
Have mercy on me, God,
according to your great mercy.*
After he had washed their feet, had put on his robe, and had returned to the table, he said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you? You call me Teacher and Lord–and you are right, for that is what I am. So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have set you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you.
— John: 13:12-15
Water is the source of all life, and a primary symbol in religious traditions…. Without water everything dies… [and yet] water is threatened almost everywhere on earth… The world’s fresh water resources are finite, and are now becoming market commodities, no longer public goods. Currently, inadequate access to safe drinking water affects the well being of over one billion people, and 2.4 billion persons lack access to adequate sanitation.
— Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2003
Washing (Muslim)
Abu Huraira reported: Allah’s Messenger [may peace be upon him] said: “When a bondsman — a Muslim or a believer — washes his face [in course of ablution], every sin he contemplated with his eyes will be washed away from his face along with water, or with the last drop of water; when he washes his hands, every sin they wrought will be effaced from his hands with the water, or with the last drop of water; and when he washes his feet, every sin towards which his feet have walked will be washed away with the water or with the last drop of water with the result that he comes out pure from all sins.”
— Hadith Muslim, Book 002, Number 0475
Verily, God loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and He loves those who keep themselves pure.
— Qur’an 2:222
AND LO! The angels said: “O Mary! Behold, God has elected thee and made thee pure, and raised thee above all the women of the world.”
— Qur’an 3:42
O YOU who have attained to faith! When you are about to pray, wash your face, and your hands and arms up to the elbows, and pass your [wet] hands lightly over your head, and [wash] your feet up to the ankles. And if you are in a state, requiring total ablution, purify yourselves. But if you are ill, or are traveling, or have just satisfied a want of nature, or have cohabited with a woman, and can find no water — then take resort to pure dust, passing therewith lightly over your face and your hands. God does not want to impose any hardship on you, but wants to make you pure, and to bestow upon you the full measure of His blessings, so that you might have cause to be grateful.
— Qur’an 5:6
Nu’aim b. Abdullah al-Mujmir reported: I saw Abu Huraira perform ablution. He washed his face and washed it well. He then washed his right hand including a portion of his arm. He then washed his left hand including a portion of his arm. He then wiped his head. He then washed his right foot including his shank, and then washed his left foot including shank, and then said: “This is how I saw Allah’s Messenger [may peace be upon him] perform his ablution.” And [Abu Huraira] added that the Messenger of Allah [may peace be upon him] had observed: “You shall have your faces, hands and feet bright on the Day of Resurrection because of your perfect ablution. He, who can afford among you, let him increase the brightness of his forehead and that of hands and legs.”
— Hadith Muslim, Book 002, Number 0477
(For more details on this subject see: Al Bukhari, Kitab al Taharah and the same in Muslim, the two known Hadith Books in Islam)
Caring (Jewish)
The non-Jewish poor should be maintained and clothed along with the Jewish poor for the sake of peaceful relations.
— Maimonides (1135-1204), Mishneh Torah, Gifts to the Needy, 7:6
Even a poor person who subsists on tzedakah (charity) must give tzedakah.
— Babylonian Talmud Gittin, 7b, 6th century
The poor man stands at your door and the Holy One stands at his right hand.
— Leviticus Rabbah, 34:9, 5th or 6th century midrash
Psalms can be chanted by the angels, but human beings are required to aid the poor.
— Hassidic Teaching*
Caring (Christian)
“Do you wish to honor the body of Christ? Do not ignore him when he is naked. Do not pay him homage in the temple clad in silk only then to neglect him outside where he suffers cold and nakedness. He who said: ‘This is my body,’ is the same One who said: ‘You saw me hungry and gave me no food,’ and ‘Whatever you did to the least of my brother you did also to me.’ … What good is it if the Eucharistic table is overloaded with golden chalices, when he is dying of hunger? Start by satisfying his hunger, and then with what is left you may adorn the altar as well.”
— St. John Chrysostom, “Homily on Matthew”
“When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats, and he will put the sheep at his right hand and the goats at the left. Then the king will say to those at his right hand, ‘Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’ Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when was it that we saw you hungry and gave you food, or thirsty and gave you something to drink? And when was it that we saw you a stranger and welcomed you, or naked and gave you clothing? And when was it that we saw you sick or in prison and visited you?’ And the king will answer them, ‘Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these who are members of my family, you did it to me.’”
— Matthew 25:31-40.
Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. “Teacher,” he said, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?” He said to him, “What is written in the law? What do you read there?” He answered, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself.” And he said to him, “You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.”
But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, “And who is my neighbor?” Jesus replied, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan while traveling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, ‘Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend. ‘Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?” He said, “The one who showed him mercy.” Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
— Luke 10:25-37
Caring (Muslim)
Hence, give his due to the near of kin, as well as to the needy and the wayfarer; this is best for all who seek God’s countenance: for it is they, they that shall attain to a happy state!
— Qur’an 30:38
If you do deeds of charity openly, it is well; but if you bestow it upon the needy in secret, it will be even better for you, and it will atone for some of your bad deeds. And God is aware of all that you do.
— Qur’an 2:271
They who spend their possessions for the sake of God and do not thereafter mar their spending by stressing their own benevolence and hurting [the feelings of the needy] shall have their reward with their Sustainer, and no fear need they have, and neither shall they grieve.
— Qur’an 2:262
Teaching and Learning (Jewish)
We are commanded that our children should know the commandments. And how will they know them if we don’t teach them?
— Nachmanides (1195-1270), on Deuteronomy. 6:6-7
Take to heart these words which I [Moses] instruct you this day. And you shall teach them diligently to your children.
— Deuteronomy 6:6-7
The world endures only for the sake of the breath of school children . . . School children may not be made to neglect [their studies] even for the building of the Temple. . . Every town in which there are no school children shall be destroyed.
— Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat 119b, 6th century
Teach them by constant review and with sharpness [resulting in] reasoned proof.
— Ovadiah Sforno, (c. 1475-1550), on Deuteronomy. 6:6-7
Teaching and Learning (Christian)
Education is one of the most important ways by which the church fulfills its commitment to the dignity of the person and the building of community. Community is central to educational ministry, both as a necessary condition and an ardently desired goal.
— To Teach as Jesus Did, 1973, National Conference of Catholic Bishops
Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it. And God has appointed in the church first apostles, second prophets, third teachers; then deeds of power, then gifts of healing, forms of assistance, forms of leadership, various kinds of tongues. Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work miracles? Do all possess gifts of healing? Do all speak in tongues? Do all interpret? But strive for the great gifts. And I will show you a still more excellent way. If I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.
— The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians 12:27—13:2
Perhaps the most valuable mental attitude of the educator, whether parent or pastor or preacher or pedagogue, is closer to the poetic, artistic intelligence than to discursive intelligence. For the subject matter of education is, as is the subject matter of theology, knowledge profoundly entered, knowledge in which one dwells. Guilt, forgiveness, death, reconciliation, resurrection, love, and faith are not primarily concepts. They are primarily human realities, best understood in immediacy and involvement.
— Maria Harris, “Completion and Faith Development,” in Faith Development and Fowler, ed. Craig Dykstra and Sharon Parks (Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press, 1986), 118.
Teaching and Learning (Muslim)
The parents in Islam are responsible for their child’s training and education. Concerning this, the Prophet (S) said: A father gives his child nothing better than a good education.
— Hadith, Mishkat, 4977, transmitted by Tirmidhi and Baihaqi
Behold, your only helper shall be God, and His Apostle, and those who have attained to faith – those that are constant in prayer, and render the purifying dues, and bow down [before God].
— Qur’an 5:55
O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from yourselves and those who are close to you that fire [of the hereafter] whose fuel is human beings and stones: [lording] over it are angelic powers awesome [and] severe, who do not disobey God in whatever He has commanded them, but [always] do what they are bidden to do.”
— Qur’an 66:6
Verily, those who have attained to faith and do good works, and are constant in prayer, and dispense charity — they shall have their reward with their Sustainer, and no fear need they have, and neither shall they grieve.
— Qur’an 2:277
Narrated Ibn ‘Umar:
Allah’s Apostle said: Islam is based on [the following] five [principles]:
- To testify that none has the right to be worshiped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle.
- To offer the [compulsory congregational] prayers dutifully and perfectly.
- To pay Zakat [i.e., obligatory charity].
- To perform Hajj [i.e., Pilgrimage to Mecca)].
- To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.
— Hadith, Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 2, Number7
Interpreting Law (Jewish)
Surely, this commandment which I enjoin upon you this day is not too baffling for you, nor is it beyond reach. It is not in the heavens, that you should say, “Who among us can go up to the heavens and get it for us and impart it to us, that we may observe it?” Neither is it beyond the sea, that you should say, “Who among us can cross to the other side of the sea and get it for us and impart it to us, that we may observe it?” No, the thing is very close to you, in your mouth and in your heart, to observe it.
— Deuteronomy 30:11-14
Six hundred and thirteen precepts were communicated to Moses . . . But it is Habakkuk [2:4] who came and based them all on one [principle], as it is said, “But the righteous shall live by his faith.”
— Babylonian Talmud, Makkot 23b, 6th century
Not everything we do is a fulfillment of the divine will, but everything must be measured by the divine will, and everything is either a response [to] or a retreat from it . . .
— Gerson D. Cohen (1924-1991),*
Torah . . . should not be understood as a complete finished system … Halahkah [usually referring to Jewish law] which means “walking” is like a road that has not been fully paved and completed . . .
— David Hartman (1935—2013)*
Interpreting Law (Christian)
“Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets; I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one letter, not one stroke of a letter, will pass from the law until all is accomplished. Therefore, whoever breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, will be callled least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does them and teaches them will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.”
— Matthew 5:17-19
For my thoughts are not your thoughts,
nor are your ways my ways, says the Lord.
For as the heavens are higher than the earth,
so are my ways higher than your ways
and my thoughts than your thoughts.
For as the rain and snow come down from heaven,
and do not return there until they have watered the earth,
making it bring forth and sprout,
giving seed to the sower and bread to the eater,
so shall my word be that goes out from my mouth;
it shall not return to me empty,
but it shall accomplish that which I purpose,
and succeed in the thing for which I sent it.
— Isaiah 55:10-11
Pray then in this way:
Our Father in heaven,
hallowed be your name.
Your king dom kingdom come,
Your will be done,
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread.
And forgive us our debts
as we also have forgiven our debtors.
And do not bring us to the time of trial
but rescue us from the evil one.
— Matthew 6: 9-13
“Little children, let us love, not in word or speech, but in truth and action….And this is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his [God’s) Son Jesus Christ and love one another, just as he has commanded us. All who obey his commandments abide in him, and he abides in them. And by this we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit that he has given us.”
— The First Letter of John 3:18, 23-24
Now before faith came, we were imprisoned and guarded under the law until faith would be revealed. Therefore the law was our disciplinarian until Christ came, so that we might be justified by faith. Now now that faith has come, we are no longer subject to a disciplinarian, for in Christ Jesus you are all children of God through faith.… But when the fullness of time had come, God sent his Son, born of a woman under the law, in order to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as children. And because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, ‘Abba! Father!’
— Paul’s Letter to the Galatians 3:23-26 and 4:4-6
“The place where God calls you to is the place where your deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger meet.” (Fredrick Buechner, Wishful Thinking: A Theological ABC).
[ insert image of song notations ]
Alleluia! Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of Thy faithful and kindle in them the fire of Thy love.
— Prayer to the Holy Spirit
Interpreting Law (Muslim)
Say: “Come, let me convey unto you what God has [really] forbidden to you: Do not ascribe divinity, in any way, to aught beside Him; and [do not offend against but, rather,] do good unto your parents; and do not kill your children for fear of poverty – [for] it is We who shall provide sustenance for you as well as for them; and do not commit any shameful deeds, be they open or secret; and do not take any human being’s life – [the life] which God has declared to be sacred – otherwise than in [the pursuit of] justice: this has He enjoined upon you so that you might use your reason.”
— Qur’an 6:151
They believe in God and the Last Day, and enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the doing of what is wrong, and vie with one another in doing good works: and these are among the righteous.
— Qur’an 3:114
BEHOLD, God enjoins justice, and the doing of good, and generosity towards [one’s] fellow-men; and He forbids all that is shameful and all that runs counter to reason, as well as envy; [and] He exhorts you [repeatedly] so that you might bear [all this] in mind.
— Qur’an 16:90
Treating Strangers (Jewish)
The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as one of your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the Land of Egypt: I am the Lord your God.
— Leviticus 19:34
Hillel said, “If I am not for myself who will be for me? And if I am only for myself what am I? And if not now, when?”
— Mishnah, Avot 1:14, 3rd century
Just as you were strangers there [in Egypt] and I made My name known to you and guarded you, so now for the nations who live amongst you, I am their God
— Isaac Abarbanel (1437-1508), on Leviticus 19:34
The State of Israel . . . will uphold the full social and political equality of all its citizens, without distinction of religion, race or sex . . .
— Israel’s Declaration of Independence, May 5, 1948
. . . [E]every government in Israel is obligated to conduct itself toward its minorities and those who are strangers in its midst with integrity and fairness. In so doing, it will sanctify the Name of Heaven and the name of Israel in the world.
— Rabbi Hayyim David Halevi (1924-1988,) Chief Rabbi of Tel Aviv-Yaffo*
Treating Strangers (Christian)
Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. ‘Teacher,’ he said, ‘what must I do to inherit eternal life?’ He said to him, ‘What is written in the law? What do you read there?’ He answered, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself.’ And he said to him, ‘You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.’
But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, ‘And who is my neighbor?’ Jesus replied, ‘A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side. So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan while travelling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, “Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend.” Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?’ He said, ‘The one who showed him mercy.’ Jesus said to him, ‘Go and do likewise.’
— Luke 10:25-37
Christians do not approach the issue of migration from the perspective of tribe or nation, but from within a faith community of love and welcome, a community that teaches and expects hospitality to the poor, the homeless, and the oppressed. The Christian community not only welcomes and embraces migrants but can be led by them toward clearer understandings of justice and hospitality. Furthermore, many migrants in many parts of the world today are themselves members of the Christian community, brothers and sisters of the same baptism, gathered around the same sacramental table. And people beyond the Christian community deserve no less hospitality than Christians extend to themselves.
United Methodists should harbor no doubt about their responsibility to all those who live here on the earth, especially the poor, the homeless, and the mistreated. John Wesley’s concern for the poor and outcast was constant and extended far beyond acts of charity. He worked for just systems in which persons could with dignity stand on their own feet. Wesley advocated just relationships within the social order. When some have great abundance while others are homeless and hungry, the biblical task is not merely to help those in need, but to seek justice—to shift resources and opportunity so that all are at the table, all are fed, all experience the abundance of Gods’ love both physically and spiritually.
“Global Migration and the Quest for Justice,”
— The Book of Resolutions of the United Methodist Church: 2008. Resolution 6028, pp. 754-63.
Treating Strangers (Muslim)
O YOU who have attained to faith! No men shall deride [other] men: it may well be that those [whom they deride] are better than themselves; and no women [shall deride other] women: it may well be that those [whom they deride] are better than them¬selves. And neither shall you defame one another, nor insult one another by [opprobrious] epithets: evil is all imputation of iniquity after [one has attained to] faith; and they who [become guilty thereof and] do not repent — it is they, they who are evildoers!
— Qur’an 49:11
Seek instead, by means of what God has granted thee, [the good of] the life to come, without forget¬ting, withal, thine own [rightful] share in this world; and do good [unto others] as God has done good unto thee; and seek not to spread corruption on earth: for, verily, God does not love the spreaders of corruption!
— Qur’an 28:77
And unto thee [O Prophet] have We vouchsafed this divine writ, setting forth the truth, confirming the truth of whatever there still remains of earlier revelations and determining what is true therein. Judge, then, between the followers of earlier revelation in accordance with what God has bestowed from on high, and do not follow their errant views, forsaking the truth that has come unto thee. Unto every one of you have We appointed a [different] law and way of life. And if God had so willed, He could surely have made you all one single community: but [He willed it otherwise] in order to test you by means of what He has vouchsafed unto, you. Vie, then, with one another in doing good works! Unto God you all must return; and then He will make you truly understand all that on which you were wont to differ.
— Qur’an 5:48
Rescuing (Jewish)
I will take you from the labors of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with extraordinary chastisements. And I will take you to be My people, and I will be your God. And you shall know that I, Adonai, am your God who freed you from the labors of the Egyptians.
— Exodus 6:6-7
I [God] will save them, redeem them from very death.
— Hosea 13:14
This midrash uses word play to question the absence of God’s redemptive hand. “Who is like You, O Lord, among the mighty (b’eilim)?” (Ex. 15:11). The midrash retorts, “Who is like You among the silent ones (b’ilmim), O Lord, who is like You, who though seeing the insult heaped upon Your children keeps silence?”
— Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, 3rd century*
“Still you [God] have not delivered your people” (5:23). This relates to the legend that those Israelites who failed to fulfill their daily quota of bricks were buried in the walls of construction projects. “Rabbi Akiva said that Moses argued [with God] thus: ‘I know that in the future You will deliver them, but what about those who have been buried in the buildings?’”
— Exodus Rabbah 5:22, 10th century midrash
Rescuing (Christian)
Action on behalf of justice and participation in the transformation of the world fully appear to us as a constitutive dimension of the preaching of the Gospel, or, in other words, of the church’s mission for the redemption of the human race and its liberation from every oppressive situation.
— “Justice in the World,” 1971, Synod of [Catholic] Bishops
Then Jesus told them a parable about their need to pray always and not to lose heart. He said, ‘In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor had respect for people. In that city there was a widow who kept coming to him and saying, “Grant me justice against my opponent.” For a while he refused; but later he said to himself, “Though I have no fear of God and no respect for anyone, yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will grant her justice, so that she may not wear me out by continually coming.” ’ And the Lord said, ‘Listen to what the unjust judge says. And will not God grant justice to his chosen ones who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long in helping them? I tell you, he will quickly grant justice to them. And yet, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?’
— Luke 18:1-8
For the church, the many abuses of human life, liberty and dignity are a heartfelt suffering. The church, entrusted with the earth’s glory, believes that in each person is the Creator’s image and that everyone who tramples it offends God. As the holy defender of God’s rights and of God’s images, the church must cry out. It takes as spittle in its face, as lashes on its back, as the cross in its passion, all that human beings suffer, even though they be unbelievers. They suffer as God’s images. There is no dichotomy between humans and God’s image. Whoever tortures a human being, whoever abuses a human being, whoever outrages a human being abuses God’s image, and the church takes as its own that cross, that martyrdom.
— Oscar Arnulfo Romero, The Violence of Love, cited in A Lent Sourcebook, Book Two, ed. J. Robert Baker et al. (Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 1990), 179.
Rescuing (Muslim)
And remember the time when you were few [and] helpless on earth, fearful lest people do away with you whereupon He sheltered you, and strengthened you with His succour, and provided for you sustenance out of the good things of life, so that you might have cause to be grateful.
— Qur’an 8:26
If Allah helps you, none can overcome you: If He forsakes you, who is there, after that, that can help you? in Allah, then, Let believers put their trust.
— Qur’an 3:160
[And remember] when thou didst say unto the believers: “Is it not enough for you [to know] that your Sustainer will aid you with three thousand angels sent down [from on high]?”
— Qur’an 3:124
Nay, but if you are patient in adversity and conscious of Him, and the enemy should fall upon you of a sudden, your Sustainer will aid you with five thousand angels swooping down!
— Qur’an 3:125
Struggling Against Oppression (Jewish)
A Jew who has power/authority has the obligation to rescue the oppressed from the hands of the oppressor by all means available to him, whether by direct action or through political effort, regardless of whether the oppressed is Jewish. So Job praised himself by saying “I broke the jaws of the wrongdoer, and I wrested prey from his teeth” (Job 29:17) and the Torah says of Moses that “Moses rose to their defense” referring to the daughters of Jethro, even though they were the daughters of an idolatrous priest . . .
— Jacob Emden (1697-1776)*
You shall not wrong a stranger or oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. You shall not ill-treat any widow or orphan. If you do mistreat them, I will heed their outcry as soon as they cry out to Me, and My anger shall blaze forth and I will put you to the sword, and your own wives shall become widows and your children orphans.
— Exodus 22:20-23
“Whenever Israel is enslaved, the Shekhina [God’s immanent presence] is enslaved with them… But, this only proves that God shares the affliction of the community. How about the affliction of the individual? Scripture says, ‘When he calls on Me I will answer him; I will be with him in distress and I will rescue him…’” (Psalms 91:15).
— Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, 3rd century*
[God] is the liberator of men and their societies. God is the Power working within individuals that will not permit them to acquiesce in servitude, their own or that of others. He is the spark that kindles them into rebellion and the iron that makes them stubborn for freedom’s sake. And simultaneously He hardens the heart of tyrants, until, lost to reason, incapable of either learning or forgetting, they destroy themselves.
— Milton Steinberg (1903–1950)*
Struggling Against Oppression (Christian)
Then Jesus, filled with the power of the Spirit, returned to Galilee, and a report about him spread through all the surrounding country. He began to teach in their synagogues and was praised by everyone. When he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his custom. He stood up to read, and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.” And he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him
— Luke 4:14-20
“Why do we fast, but you do not see? Why humble ourselves, but you do not notice?” Look, you serve your own interest on your fast day, and oppress all your workers. Look, you fast only to quarrel and to fight and to strike with a wicked fist. Such fasting as you do today will not make your voice heard on high. Is such the fast that I choose, a day to humble oneself? Is it to bow down the head like a bulrush, and to lie in sackcloth and ashes? Will you call this a fast, a day acceptable to the Lord? 6Is not this the fast that I choose: to loose the bonds of injustice, to undo the thongs of the yoke, to let the oppressed go free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, and bring the homeless poor into your house; when you see the naked, to cover them, and not to hide yourself from your own kin?
— Isaiah 58:3-7
Struggling Against Oppression (Muslim)
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that Allah asked him to say this on His behalf to people: “O My servants, I have forbidden oppression for Myself and have made it forbidden amongst you, so do not oppress one another. “
— Hadith No. 23 from Arba`in Nuwawi
Behold, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and divided its people into castes. One group of them he deemed utterly low; he would slaughter their sons and spare [only] their women: for, behold, he was one of those who spread corruption [on earth].
— Qur’an 28:4
O YOU who have attained to faith! Be ever steadfast in upholding equity, bearing witness to the truth for the sake of God, even though it be against your own selves or your parents and kinsfolk. Whether the person concerned be rich or poor, God’s claim takes precedence over [the claims of] either of them. Do not, then, follow your own desires, lest you swerve from justice: for if you distort [the truth], behold, God is indeed aware of all that you do!
— Qur’an 4:135
Verily, God does not do the least wrong unto men, but it is men who wrong themselves.
— Qur’an 10:44
Recognizing Women (Jewish)
. . . [Y]ou are to proclaim this Instruction [Torah] in front of all Israel, in their ears. Assemble the people, the men, the women, and the little ones, and your sojourner that is in your gates, in order that they may hearken, in order that they may learn and have-awe-for YHWH your God.
— Deuteronomy 31:11-12 (Everett Fox translation)
Ben Azzai says, “One is required to teach his daughter Torah” . . . Rabbi Eliezer says, “Anyone who teaches his daughter Torah, it is though he is teaching her folly.”
— Mishnah, Sotah 3:4, 3rd century
Blessed be God, who has not made me a woman. Why? Because women are not obligated by [time-bound] religious commandments.
— Tosefta, Berakhot 6:18, 3rd century
Note: “Blessed be God, who has not made me a woman” is a passage in the morning service. According to Orthodox tradition, men are obligated to attend this service, but women are not, because it is a time-bound religious commandment. Non-Orthodox movements have changed the passage so that men and women both recite, “Blessed be God, who has created me in the divine image.”
God endowed the woman with more understanding than the man.
— Babylonian Talmud, Nidah 45b, 6th century
Rabbi Akiva said, “Israel was redeemed from Egypt because of the righteous women of that generation.”
— Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 11b, 6th century
Recognizing Women (Christian)
I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church at Cenchreae, so that you may welcome her in the Lord as is fitting for the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a benefactor of many and of myself as well. Greet Prisca and Aquila, who work with me in Christ Jesus, and who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. Greet also the church in their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was the first convert in Asia for Christ. Greet Mary, who has worked very hard among you. Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives who were in prison with me; they are prominent among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was.
— Romans 16: 1-7
We deplore, and hold ourselves morally bound, to protest and resist, in church and society, all actions, customs, laws and structures that treat women or men as less than fully human. We pledge ourselves to carry forth the heritage of biblical justice which mandates that all persons share in right relationship with each other, with the cosmos, and with the Creator.
We hold ourselves responsible to look for the holy in unexpected places and persons, and pledge ourselves to continued energetic dialogue about issues of freedom and responsibility for women. We invite others of all traditions to join us in imagining the great shalom of God.
— “Madeleva Manifesto,” 2000, by the Madeleva Lecturers in Spirituality at Saint Mary’s College
What distinguishes Jesus as normative is not his maleness but the quality of his humanness as one who loves others and opts for those most vulnerable and oppressed, namely women. One imitates Christ by living in a like manner, not by possessing male genitalia.
— Rosemary Radford Ruether, Women and Redemption: A Theological History (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1998), 277-278.
Recognizing Women (Muslim)
[There,] anyone who has done a bad deed will be requited with no more than the like thereof, whereas anyone, be it man or woman, who has done righteous deeds and is a believer withal — all such will enter paradise, wherein they shall be blest with good beyond all reckoning!
— Qur’an 40:40
Whereas anyone — be it man or woman — who does [whatever he/she can] of good deeds and is a believer withal, shall enter paradise, and shall not be wronged by as much as [would fill] the groove of a date-stone.
— Qur’an 4:124
VERILY, for all men and women who have sur¬rendered themselves unto God, and all believing men and believing women, and all truly devout men and truly devout women, and all men and women who are true to their word, and all men and women who are patient in adversity, and all men and women who humble themselves [before God], and all men and women who give in charity, and all self-denying men and self-denying women, and all men and women who are mindful of their chastity, and all men and women who remember God unceasingly: for [all of] them has God readied forgiveness of sins and a mighty reward.
— Qur’an 33:35
A Loving and a Punishing God (Jewish)
[God withdrew the divine presence from the Temple which allowed the Romans to destroy it.] “God, wept and said, ‘Woe is Me for My house! My children, where are you? My priests, where are you? My lovers, where are you? What shall I do with you, seeing that I warned you but you did not repent?’ ‘I am now like a man who had an only son, for whom he prepared a marriage-canopy, but he died under it.’”
— Lamentations Rabbah, Prologue 24, 5th century midrash
But that shall be for the Lord God of Hosts a day when He exacts retribution from His foes. The sword shall devour; it shall be sated with their blood.
— Jeremiah 46:10
As I live, says God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked.
— Ezekiel 33:11
And I will requite to the world its evil, and to the wicked their iniquity; I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant and humble the haughtiness of tyrants.
— Isaiah 13:11
And now we account the arrogant happy; they have indeed done evil and have endured, they have indeed dared God and escaped.
— Malachi 3:15
The sword enters the world when justice is delayed.
— Mishnah, Avot 5:8, 3rd century
A Loving and a Punishing God (Christian)
Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be children of your Father in heaven; for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? And if you greet only your brothers and sisters, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same?
— Matthew 5:44-47
Then Peter came and said to him, ‘Lord, if another member of the church* sins against me, how often should I forgive? As many as seven times?’ Jesus said to him, ‘Not seven times, but, I tell you, seventy-seven* times. For this reason the kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who wished to settle accounts with his slaves. When he began the reckoning, one who owed him ten thousand talents* was brought to him; and, as he could not pay, his lord ordered him to be sold, together with his wife and children and all his possessions, and payment to be made. So the slave fell on his knees before him, saying, “Have patience with me, and I will pay you everything.” And out of pity for him, the lord of that slave released him and forgave him the debt. But that same slave, as he went out, came upon one of his fellow-slaves who owed him a hundred denarii;* and seizing him by the throat, he said, “Pay what you owe.” Then his fellow-slave fell down and pleaded with him, “Have patience with me, and I will pay you.” But he refused; then he went and threw him into prison until he should pay the debt. When his fellow-slaves saw what had happened, they were greatly distressed, and they went and reported to their lord all that had taken place. Then his lord summoned him and said to him, “You wicked slave! I forgave you all that debt because you pleaded with me. Should you not have had mercy on your fellow-slave, as I had mercy on you?” And in anger his lord handed him over to be tortured until he should pay his entire debt. So my heavenly Father will also do to every one of you, if you do not forgive your brother or sister* from your heart.’
— Matthew 18:21-35
A Loving and a Punishing God (Muslim)
Yet, withal, thy Sustainer would never destroy a community without having [first] raised in its midst an apostle who would convey unto them Our mes¬sages; and never would We destroy a community unless its people are wont to do wrong [to one another].
— Qur’an 28:59
Yet, [withal,] thy Sustainer is the Truly-Forgiving One, limitless in His grace. Were He to take them [at once] to task for whatever [wrong] they commit, He would indeed bring about their speedy punishment [then and there]: but nay, they have a time-limit beyond which they shall find no redemption.
— Qur’an 18:58
SAY: [Thus speaks God:] “O you servants of Mine who have transgressed against your own selves! Despair not of God’s mercy: behold, God forgives all sins – for, verily, He alone is much-forgiving, a dis¬penser of grace!”
— Qur’an 39:53
And ordain Thou for us what is good in this world as well as in the life to come: behold, unto Thee have we turned in repentance!” [God] answered: “With My chastisement do I afflict whom I will – but My grace overspreads everything: and so I shall confer it on those who are conscious of Me and spend in charity, and who believe in Our messages.
— Qur’an 7:156
Experiencing the Divine (Jewish)
It is impossible to tell men what way they should serve God. For one way to serve God is through the teachings, another through prayer, another through fasting, and still another through eating. Everyone should carefully observe what way his heart draws him to, and then choose this way with all his strength.”
— Hassidic Teaching*
Faith is preceded by awe, by acts of amazement at things that we apprehend but cannot comprehend.
— Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972)*
Were I to remain totally true to my theological convictions, I would fall silent in the face of God’s overwhelming and inherently mysterious nature. But then I would be completely bereft. So I talk of God and think of God, knowing all the while that nothing my mind or my language can possibly come up with even begins to approach an adequate comprehension of God’s essence.
— Neil Gillman (1933—)*
We come to know God through relationships with one another, opening ourselves to the divine presence as manifest in those whom we allow ourselves to love.
— Arthur Green (1941—)*
Experiencing the Divine (Christian)
Holy mystery cannot be situated within our system of coordinates but escapes all categories. Hence, to think rightly of God we must give up the drive to intellectual mastery and open up to the Whither of our spirit’s hungry orientation. [Quoting Karl Rahner:] “The concept ‘God’ is not a grasp of God by which a person masters the mystery; but it is the means by which one lets oneself be grasped by the mystery which is present yet ever distant.”
— Elizabeth Johnson, The Quest for the Living God: Mapping Frontiers in the Theology of God (New York: Continuum, 2007), 35-36
“I am the true vine, and my Father is the vine-grower. He removes every branch in me that bears no fruit. Every branch that bears fruit he prunes to make it bear more fruit. You have already been cleansed by the word that I have spoken to you. Abide in me as I abide in you. Just as the branch cannot bear fruit by itself unless it abides in the vine, neither can you unless you abide in me. I am the vine, you are the branches. Those who abide in me and I in them bear much fruit, because apart from me you can do nothing.”
— John 15:1-5
“Likewise, the Spirit helps us in our weakness, for we do not know how to pray as we ought, but that very Spirit intercedes with sighs too deep for words. And God, who searches the heart, knows what is the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints according to the will of God.”
— Letter of Paul to the Romans 9:26-27
Experiencing the Divine (Muslim)
AND IF My servants ask thee about Me — behold, I am near; I respond to the call of him who calls, whenever he calls unto Me: let them, then, respond unto Me, and believe in Me, so that they might follow the right way.
— Qur’an 2:186
. . . and when I have formed him fully and breathed into him of My spirit, fall you down before him in prostration!
— Qur’an 38:72
NOW, VERILY, it is We who have created man, and We know what his innermost self whispers within him: for We are closer to him than his neck-vein . . .
— Qur’an 50:16
. . . those who believe, and whose hearts find their rest in the remembrance of God – for, verily, in the remembrance of God [men’s] hearts do find their rest . . .
— Qur’an 13:28
Eating and Drinking (Jewish)
Blessed are You, Adonai, Sovereign of the universe, who nourishes the whole world with grace, kindness and mercy. You give food to all creatures, for Your kindness endures forever. Through this great goodness we have never been in want; may we never be in want of sustenance for His great name’s sake. He is the God who sustains all, does good to all, and provides food for all the creatures which He has created. Blessed are You, Adonai, who sustains all.
— from Grace after Meals, Birkat Ha-Mazon
There is nothing worthwhile for a man but to eat and drink and afford himself enjoyment with his means. And even that, I noted, comes from God.
— Ecclesiastes 2:24
At the time when the Temple stood, the altar used to make atonement for a person; now a person’s table makes atonement for him. How does a person’s table make atonement for him? By means of welcoming guests.
— Babylonian Talmud Chagigah 27a with the commentary in italics of Rashi (France, 1040-1105)
…When one eats and drinks, one should not be doing so just for enjoyment, because then one will eventually be eating just to sweeten one’s palate and for the joy of it, but one should eat and drink just for the sake of the health of one’s body and limbs. Therefore, one shouldn’t eat whatever he desires, like a dog or a donkey; one should eat only what the body will use, whether it is bitter or sweet, and one should not eat those things which are bad for the body, even if they are sweet.
— Maimonides (Spain, 1135-1204), Mishneh Torah, Hilkhot De’ot, 3:5-8
Eating and Drinking (Christian)
While they were eating, he [Jesus] took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to them, and said, “Take; this is my body.” Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, and all of them drank from it. He said to them, “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.
— Mark 14:22-24
And as he sat at dinner in Levi’s house, many tax collectors and sinners were also sitting with Jesus and his disciples–for there were many who followed him. When the scribes of the Pharisees saw that he was eating with sinners and tax collectors, they said to his disciples, “Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners?” When Jesus heard this, he said to them, “Those who are well have no need of a physician, but those who are sick; I have come to call not the righteous but sinners.”
— Mark 2:15-17
Now John’s disciples and the Pharisees were fasting; and people came and said to him, “Why do John’s disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but your disciples do not fast?” Jesus said to them, “The wedding guests cannot fast while the bridegroom is with them, can they? As long as they have the bridegroom with them, they cannot fast.
— Mark 9: 18-19
[Jesus said] “For John the Baptist has come eating no bread and drinking no wine, and you say, ‘He has a demon’; the Son of Man has come eating and drinking, and you say, ‘Look, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’ Nevertheless, wisdom is vindicated by all her children.”
— Luke 7:33-34
On the third day there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee, and the mother of Jesus was there. Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding. When the wine gave out, the mother of Jesus said to him, “They have no wine.” And Jesus said to her, “Woman, what concern is that to you and to me? My hour has not yet come.” His mother said to the servants, “Do whatever he tells you.” Now standing there were six stone water jars for the Jewish rites of purification, each holding twenty or thirty gallons. Jesus said to them, “Fill the jars with water.” And they filled them up to the brim. He said to them, “Now draw some out, and take it to the chief steward.” So they took it. When the steward tasted the water that had become wine, and did not know where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), the steward called the bridegroom and said to him, “Everyone serves the good wine first, and then the inferior wine after the guests have become drunk. But you have kept the good wine until now.”
— John 2:1-10
Eating and Drinking (Muslim)
A man came to the Prophet. The Prophet sent a messenger to his wives [to bring something for that man to eat] but they said that they had nothing except water. Then Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Who will take this [person] or entertain him as a guest?’ An Ansar man said, ‘I.’ So he took him to his wife and said to her, ‘Entertain generously the guest of Allah’s Apostle.’ She said, ‘We have got nothing except the meals of my children.’ He said, ‘Prepare your meal, light your lamp and let your children sleep if they ask for supper.’ So she prepared her meal, lighted her lamp and made her children sleep, and then stood up pretending to mend her lamp, but she put it off. Then both of them pretended to be eating, but they really went to bed hungry. In the morning the Ansari went to Allah’s Apostle who said, ‘Tonight Allah laughed or wondered at your action.’ Then Allah revealed: ‘But give them [emigrants] preference over themselves even though they were in need of that And whosoever is saved from the covetousness Such are they who will be successful’” (59.9).
— Al Bukhari, Book on Merits of the Helpers (Ansar) of Madina, Hadith No: 005.058.142
For it is He who has brought into being gardens — [both] the cultivated ones and those growing wild — and the date-palm, and fields bearing multiform produce, and the olive tree, and the pomegranate: [all] resembling one another and yet so different! Eat of their fruit when it comes to fruition, and give [unto the poor] their due on harvest day. And do not waste [God’s bounties]: verily, He does not love the wasteful!
— Qur’an 6:141
O CHILDREN of Adam! Beautify yourselves for every act of worship, and eat and drink [freely], but do not waste: verily, He does not love the wasteful!
— Qur’an 7:31
A human does not fill any container worse than his stomach. It is enough for a human to have some morsels to strengthen his back [keep his back straight]. If he must eat more, then it should be one-third of his stomach for food, one-third for drink and one-third for breathing.
— Hadith Ahmad
Seeing God on Our Side (Jewish)
Thus said the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel: … if you really mend your ways and your actions; if you execute justice between one man and another; if you do not oppress the stranger, the orphan, and the widow; if you do not shed the blood of the innocent in this place; if you do not follow other gods, to your own hurt—then only will I let you dwell in this place, in the land that I gave to your fathers for all time.
— Jeremiah 7:3-7
Now, if you obey Adonai your God, to observe faithfully all His commandments which I enjoin upon you this day, Adonai your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth. Adonai will put to rout before you the enemies who attack you…But if you do not obey Adonai your God to observe faithfully all His commandments and laws which I enjoin upon you this day, all these curses shall come upon you and take effect: Adonai will put you to rout before your Enemies…I have put before you life and death, blessing and curse. Choose life—if you and your offspring would live—by loving Adonai your God, heeding His commands, and holding fast to Him.
— Deuteronomy 28:1, 7, 15, 25 and 30:19-20
Say to the anxious of heart, “Be strong, fear not; Behold your God! Requital is coming, the recompense of God—He Himself is coming to give you triumph.”
— Isaiah, 54:4
God of retribution, Adonai, God of retribution, appear! Rise up, judge of the earth, give the arrogant their deserts! How long shall the wicked, O Adonai how long shall the wicked exult, shall they utter insolent speech, shall all evildoers vaunt themselves?
— Psalms 94:1-4
Seeing God on Our Side (Christian)
In judging our salvation or definitive damnation, God will not be guided by cultic criteria—when and how we prayed—nor by doctrinal criteria—what truths we believe in. God will be guided by ethical criteria: what we did for others. The eternal destiny of human beings will be measured by how much or how little solidarity we have displayed with the hungry, the thirsty, the naked, and the oppressed. In the end we will be judged in terms of love.
— Leonardo Boff, Way of the Cross, Way of Justice, cited in A Lent Sourcebook, Book Two, ed. J. Robert Baker et al. (Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 1990), 195.
Do not be conformed to this world but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that you may prove what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.
— Roman 12:2
The late Anglican theologian John Macquarrie described prayer as four modes of thinking: passionate, compassionate, responsible, and thankful thinking. Prayer as passionate thinking is a “thinking that enters feelingly into the world and knows itself deeply involved in all that goes on there.” Prayer as compassionate thinking involves turning outward toward the other; it is a “dwelling with reality in the sense of compassionate confrontation in thought with human beings in their actual situations.” Prayer entails responsible thinking because it means answering or responding to that which lies beyond us. Prayer is thankful thinking because it acknowledges moments of undeserved graciousness.
— John Macquarrie, Paths in Spirituality (New York: Harper & Row, 1972), 26-27
Seeing God on Our Side (Muslim)
Nay, but if you are patient in adversity and conscious of Him, and the enemy should fall upon you of a sudden, your Sustainer will aid you with five thousand angels swooping down!
— Qur’an 3:125
And remember the time when you were few [and] helpless on earth, fearful lest people do away with you – whereupon He sheltered you, and strengthened you with His succour, and provided for you sustenance out of the good things of life, so that you might have cause to be grateful.
— Qur’an 8:26
AND [remember:] We have not created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them without [an inner] truth; but, behold, the Hour [when this will become clear to all] is indeed yet to come. Hence, forgive [men’s failings] with fair forbearance.
— Qur’an 15:85
Dying (Jewish)
Rabbi Eleazar ha-Kappar used to say: “The born are destined to die, the dead to be brought to life, and the living to be judged.”
— Mishnah, Avot 4:22, 2nd century
One should not grieve too much for the dead, and whoever grieves excessively is really grieving for someone else. The Torah has set limits for every stage of grief, and we may not add to them: three days for weeping, seven for lamenting, and thirty for abstaining from laundered garments and from cutting the hair—and no more.
— Shulchan Arukh (1563, Judaism’s most authoritative law code)*
Surviving after death, we hope, is surviving as a thought of God…Death is not understood as the end of being but rather at the end of doing… Humanity without death would be arrogance without end.
— Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907-1972)*
The sunset, the bird’s song, the baby’s smile…the dreams of the heart, and my own being, dear to me as every man’s is to him, all these I can well trust to Him who made them. There is poignancy and regret about giving them up, but no anxiety. When they slip from my hands they will pass to hands better, stronger, and wiser than mine.
— Milton Steinberg (1903-1950) “To Hold with Open Arms”*
Dying (Christian)
Lament needs to be an integral part of Christian practice in response to death and dying, precisely because we value so highly God’s gift of earthly life. The treasured promise of Romans 8:38-39 that not even death can separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus does not erase the fact that death does separate us from those we love on earth. Death is an irrevocable, wrenching loss for those the dead leave behind. But it is also a loss for those who die—a loss of the parts of creation they took delight in, the relationships they held most dear, and the possibilities they envisioned for the future . . . Hope of everlasting life with God does not undercut Christian gratitude and concern for this life, nor deny the place of lament in Christian responses to death.
— Amy Plantinga Pauw, “Dying Well,” in Practicing our Faith: A Way of Life for a Searching People, ed. Dorothy C. Bass (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997), 168.
For I am convinced that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor rulers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
— Letter of Paul to the Romans 8:38-39
When Death Comes
When death comes
like the hungry bear in autumn;
when death comes and takes all the bright coins from his purse
to buy me, and snaps the purse shut;
when death comes
like the measle-pox;
when death comes
like an iceberg between the shoulder blades,
I want to step through the door full of curiosity, wondering:
what is it going to be like, that cottage of darkness?
And therefore I look upon everything
as a brotherhood and a sisterhood,
and I look upon time as no more than an idea,
and I consider eternity as another possibility,
and I think of each life as a flower, as common
as a field daisy, and as singular,
and each name a comfortable music in the mouth,
tending, as all music does, toward silence,
and each body a lion of courage, and something
precious to the earth.
When it’s over, I want to say: all my life
I was a bride married to amazement.
I was the bridegroom, taking the world into my arms.
When it’s over, I don’t want to wonder
if I have made of my life something particular, and real,
I don’t want to find myself sighing and frightened,
or full of argument.
I don’t want to end up simply having visited this world.
— Mary Oliver, New and Selected Poems (Boston: Beacon, 1992), 10.
Dying (Muslim)
Every human being is bound to taste death: but only on the Day of Resurrection will you be requited in full [for whatever you have done] – whereupon he that shall be drawn away from the fire and brought into paradise will indeed have gained a triumph: for the life of this world is nothing but an enjoyment of self-delusion.
— Qur’an 3:185
Say: “Behold, my prayer, and [all] my acts of worship, and my living and my dying are for God [alone], the Sustainer of all the worlds.”
— Qur’an 6:162
Say: “Behold, the death from which you are fleeing is bound to overtake you – and then you will be brought back unto Him who knows all that is beyond the reach of a created being’s perception as well as all that can be witnessed by a creature’s senses or mind, whereupon He will make you truly understand all that you were doing [in life].”
— Qur’an 62:8
He who has created death as well as life so that He might put you to a test [and thus show] which of you is best in conduct, and [make you realize that] He alone is almighty, truly forgiving.
— Qur’an 67:2
Making Peace in Jerusalem (Jewish)
Pray for the peace of Jerusalem. May those who love you be at peace. May there be peace within your ramparts, serenity in your citadels…. If I forget you Jerusalem, let my right hand wither, let my tongue stick to my palate if I cease to think of you, if I do not keep Jerusalem in memory even at my happiest hour.
— Psalms 122:6-7 and 137:5
My heart’s in the east and I languish on the margins of the west. How taste or savor what I eat? How fulfill my vows and pledges while Zion is shackled to Edom and I am fettered to Arabia? I’d gladly give up all the luxuries of Spain if only to see the dust and rubble of the Shrine.
— Judah Halevi (c. 1075-1141), My Heart’s in the East
For your name scorches the lips
Like the kiss of a seraph
If I forget you, Jerusalem,
Which is all gold . . .
Jerusalem of gold, and of bronze, and of light
Behold I am a violin for all your songs.
— Naomi Shemer (1930-2004), Jerusalem of Gold*
Making Peace in Jerusalem (Christian)
For Christians, the Holy Land is not simply an illustrious chapter in the Christian past. As Jerome wrote to his friend Paula in Rome urging her to come and live in the Holy Land, “the whole mystery of our faith is native to this country and city. Nothing else in Christian experience can make this claim; nothing has such fixity. No matter how many centuries have passed, no matter where the Christian religion has set down roots, Christians are wedded to the land that gave birth to Christ and the Christian religion.
— Robert Wilken, The Land Called Holy: Palestine in Christian History and Thought (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), 254
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. And I saw the holy city, the New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from the throne, saying, “See, the home of God is among mortals. He will dwell with them; they will be his peoples, and God himself will be with them, he will wipe every tear from their eyes.”
— Revelation 21:1-4
The land of Israel has always been of central significance to the Jewish people. However, Christian theology charged that the Jews had condemned themselves to homelessness by rejecting God’s Messiah. Such supersessionism precluded any possibility for Christian understanding of Jewish attachment to the land of Israel. Christian theologians can no longer avoid this crucial issue, especially in light of the complex and persistent conflict over the land. Recognizing that both Israelis and Palestinians have the right to live in peace and security in a homeland of their own, we call for efforts that contribute to a just peace among all the peoples in the region.
— Excerpt from “A Sacred Obligation,” 2002 by the Christian Scholars Group on Christian-Jewish Relations